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Educational Survey of 

Rabun County 

Georgia 



By 

M. L. DUGGAN, Rural School Agent 



No. 1 




Under the Direction of the 

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 



M. L. BRITTAIN 

State Superintendent of Schools 

1914 



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Educational Survey of 

Rabun County 

Georgia 



By 



M. L. DUGGAN, Rural School Agent 



No. 1 







Under the Direction of the 

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 



M. L. BRITTAIN 

State Superintendent of Schools 

1914 



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FOREWORD 



We have always needed closer supervision in our rural school work. 
The regular institute conductors have all they can do to look after the 
task specifically committed to their care. Whenever possible they visit 
schools but it can be readily seen that a supervisor, with the responsibility 
of giving five days' training to the teachers of fifty counties, will have 
very little time during the year for the actual inspection of school con- 
ditions. 

Impressed with this need of ours for a trained expert to make an 
actual diagnosis of conditions in each county and prescribe proper reme- 
dies for the educational authorities, I secured the promise of funds for 
the salary and expenses of such an ofiicial from the General Education 
Board last summer. By reason of his long experience as County Superin- 
tendent and State Supervisor and because of his undoubted success in im- 
proving rural conditions, Mr. M. L. Duggan is especially suited for this 
work. He has accordingly been appointed Rural School Agent and as 
rapidly as possible will make educational "surveys" of the various counties. 

Experience has shown that counties and even wealthy cities are sen- 
sitive about work of this type. So true is this, that large educational sys- 
tems have been known to fight such surveys and to prevent the publica- 
tion of the reports after completion. While this sensitiveness may be nat- 
ural, it is not right to hide from view conditions which are based upon the 
expenditure of public funds, even though humiliatingly small. There was 
nothing of this reluctance on the part of the brave little county in which 
this first survey was made. It is the first mountain county in Georgia to 
add to the state fund by local taxation and this of itself indicates its pro- 
gressive character. Much of its land is composed of mountains and, though 
they are beautiful with the purple haze that always lies above the Blue 
Ridge, one would naturally not expect to find much per capita wealth among 
these hills. They are willing to face conditions frankly, however, intend 
to improve them, and such a spirit insures progress and development. 



State Superintendent of Schools. 



PURPOSE 



"And what is an Educational Survey?" is the most frequent inquiry. 

I propose to make it a true inventory of the educational interests, 
activities, resources, and deficiencies, of the territory covered. 

To change the figure of speech from a mercantile to a medical 
term, I shall endeavor to diagnose the educational situation as faithfully 
as I can. 

Furthermore, in order that my work may be constructive in its re- 
sults, I shall oifer in each case such practical suggestions as the most 
immediate needs seem to indicate, and only such as seem to be reasonably 
attainable. The attainable rather than the ideal shall mark my limi- 
tations here, although I shall hope to keep them in the direction of the 
ideal. 

]My first purpose I regard as much the most important, for if I suc- 
ceed in discovering and clearly pointing out the true conditions existing 
in our public schools all sorts of pertinent questions will thereby be pro- 
voked in each respective community ; and these will prove "hard blows 
upon vital problems which may crack open solutions' . 

If by any means I can help the people to see their public schools 
and school conditions as educators see them I shall have rendered valuable 
service, and this, chiefly, shall be my task. 

Under limitations of my instructions, and to make my work as in- 
tensive as possible, I must confine my surveys to schools and school sys- 
tems, giving only minimum attention to community conditions that have 
more or less important bearing upon these. 

Generally local officials and the public will find and apply the remedy 
once the deficiencies are clearly pointed out to them ; but I shall indulge 
the hope of facilitating and accelerating progress by off"ering a few sug- 
gestions in each case. My long experience in rural school work in Georgia 
and the valuable aid and advice that will be available to me from the 
supervisors and the State Department of Education ought to justify this 
hope. 

If the work is to be vitally interesting and eff"ective it must be done 
personally and in detail, and not from printed statistics and "available 
information". It will, therefore, be impossible to cover many counties 
each year. It is to be hoped, however, that the results of the work in any 
county may influence others in a helpful way. 

Craving the sympathy, advice, and hel^J, of all who are interested in 
the cause of education, 

I am very sincerely, 

M. L. DUGGAN, 
Rural School Agent for Georgia. 
Atlanta, November 2, 1914. 



RABUN COUNTY 



Rabun county is not a typical Georgia county ; but it is a typical moun- 
tain county of Georgia. Its area is 3i4< square miles. 

Located in the extreme northeast corner of the State, it is imme- 
diately in the Appalachian section. The range of elevations from its fer- 
tile valleys to its mountain peaks is from 1,700 feet to 4,717 feet. Its 
mineral resources, although varied, have not proven commercially profitable. 
Timber (mostly hardwood), cattle, sheep, hogs, corn, rye apples and vege- 
tables, are the chief products. The county is traversed by only one rail- 
road, the Tallulah Falls branch of the Southern, built fifteen years ago. 
Along the line of this road are several summer resorts and many mountain 
summer homes, to which annually come many tourists seeking rest and 
recreation. The public roads are showing rapid development proportional 
to other sections of the State, and local telephone lines and R. F. D. routes 
connect most of the communities. The mountains covered with heavy 
timbers have been mostly bought up by non-resident corporations and by 
the United States Government for an Appalachian National Forestry Re- 
serve, and the citizens reside mainly in small settlements along the fertile 
valleys. The mountains still, however, afford ranges for cattle and hogs. 
These conditions have promoted the very desirable settlement or community 
spirit, which prevails to a greater degree than in differently situated sec- 
tions. There still exists a degree of isolation in parts of the county, but it 
is mainly an isolation of communities and not often of individual families. 
Besides their religious function the churches are, perhaps, the chief social- 
izing agencies of the Country; and "Union Meetings'", "Singing Conven- 
tions ", &c, bring the people together often and in large numbers, even 
from "yan side the mountains ". The absence of denominational faction 
is remarkable. It seems as yet not to have affected the public schools 
anywhere in the county, as has been the case in so many other sections of 
the State. Xo cotton is grown in the county, and generally the people are 
out of debt except such as have bought and are paying for homes. There 
are no rich citizens, as riches are reckoned now-a-days ; but there are no 
paupers in Rabun county. 

THE SCHOOLS. 

The body of this report will have to do with the school conditions of 
the county, neither to criticise nor to praise them, but to reveal them. The 
survey was jDcrsonal, every school being visited and inspected as carefully 
as time allowed. The work consumed the greater part of six weeks. Many 
nights were spent in the hospitable homes of the citizens. From a surprising 
number of these, older sons and daughters had gone to locate in other sec- 
tions, from Atlanta to Seattle. This was evervwhere evident. WHY? 



They were vigorous mountaineers, ambitious for success, seeking diamonds 
afar, never dreaming of the "acres of diamonds" around about them. 

They have never been educated to develop Rabun county's rich and 
exhaustless resources, nor even taught that they existed. Truly this county 
has been exploited so as to send out its best talent, and the schools have 
both negatively and positively participated in the crime. Shall this tendency 
continue? 

There are in Rabun county twenty-seven white public common schools, 
and one public High School at Clayton operating under a special system. 
Besides these are the Rabun Gap Industrial School, at Rabun Gap, and the 
Bleckley Memorial School (a Baptist ^lission School), at Clayton. These 
last two not being within the public school system were not surveyed. 
The Tallulah P'alls Industrial School, located immediately on the line be- 
tween Rabun and Habersham counties, is operated jointly by the two coun- 
ties and the State Federation of Women's Clubs. A special survey of this 
school has been made at the request of the Women's Clubs, and apjjears 
separately in this Bulletin. There are in the county only two negro schools, 
and with small attendance, there being very few negroes in the county. 
The problem of public education in the county, therefore, is practically 
limited to the white race. There are l,6-t4< white, and 80 negro children in 
the county. 

Excepting the solution of the problem of maintenance by the adoption 
of "local taxation'', probably the next greatest item of progress is apparent 
in the good school houses, as is strikingly shown in the photographs which 
were made for and are herein given as an important part of this survey. 

This degree of progress in the matter of buildings could hardly have 
been accomplished but for the striking fact that in a large majority of cases 
there has been hearty and active co-operation between the county Board of 
Education and the local churches, and it will be noted that most of the 
school houses are regularly used as churches. Nearly all are seated with 
long benches common to country churches, and many of them have pulpits 
provided. In fact we should have concluded that in such cases the school 
is being conducted in a church but for the very significant and important 
fact that the titles vest in the county Board of Education in fee simple. 
Generally, too, the area acquired is sufficient for future school uses. As 
elsewhere already observed, there exists no denominational factions ; and 
the church uses, which are social as well as religious, are about all the 
community uses to which the school plant is devoted. To this extent at 
least they are serving as "community centers". Whether this co-operative 
use of the school buildings, which undoubtedly has made present gratifying 
progress possible, and as yet is not objectionable, will eventually create 
friction or hinder further progress is a problem of the future. The very 
general lack of school equipment, especially proper seatings, indicates 
the direction of future progress. As the buildings are better equipped for 
school purposes they will be more unsuited for church purposes ; or vice 
versa. We have found one case already, but only one, where when an 
appropriation was made for supplying suitable school desks objections were 
raised on the grounds that such seats would be unsuited for church purposes. 
They still use the "long benches". Shall the best interests of the children 
for six hours a day, twenty days in the month be sacrificed for the con- 
veniences of their parents for two hours a dav for two davs in the month? 



SUMMARY AND SUGGESTIONS. 

While progress has been made in some other directions besides school 
houses it is evident that the most immediate and urgent needs now are 
better trained teachers and better school equipments. Attention should 
also be given to the condition in which the school houses and grounds are 
kept. 

We do not think that a fair estimate of the teaching can be made during 
any short visit and while the timid teacher is under the embarrassment of 
official inspection, but it is a very easy matter to test the results of the 
teaching. Such tests were made in nearly all of the schools of the county. 

With some exceptions the children cannot read understandingly or 
well. Calling words correctly does not constitute good reading. So also 
few were found who really knew the multiplication table. Writing is 
generally practiced where desks or tables are provided, but not generally 
taught. Where pupils knew the rules of grammar they still could not write 
correct sentences, much less had they acquired the power of language. Bet- 
ter trained teachers is the only remedy. 

Be it said to their credit, however, that Rabun county's rural public 
schools are limiting their work to the common school grades, and not 
forcing the children into Algebra and Latin before they know English and 
Arithmetic, as is done in so many places. 

We found some schools where both buildings and grounds gave gratify- 
ing evidences of constant, careful, and intelligent attention, but in most 
of them there was abundant evidence of great neglect of physical 
environment. Almost always the teacher can be rightfully judged by the 
manner in which the house and grounds are kept. The same principles 
apply here as in the home, and training here will largely determine the 
character of the future homes of the pupils. The teacher who limits her 
concern to ''books" has had no real vision of her calling or of the chil- 
dren's greatest needs. 

A considerable, but decreasing, number of the best teachers accept work 
in the county's schools until the date for the opening of a better paying 
school in South Georgia, or elsewhere, and the remainder of the term must 
then be taught by some other teacher, oftentimes by one who had not 
before succeeded in securing any school. Such arrangement is doubtless 
to the financial advantage of the teacher, but very unfortunate for the 
school. Sometimes such term of service does not cover more than two 
months. Better pay will, perhaps, finally solve this problem. 

THE SCHOOL YEAR. 

Beginning in July the school year is a continuous term of five months, 
with the exception of a two or three weeks intermission at "Foddering 
Time", which is common to practically all of the schools. Like the common 
experience elsewhere this short interruption seriously disorganizes the 
schools, and it requires several weeks to get all of the pupils regularly back, 
if indeed they all ever come back again. This usual vacation for "Fodder- 
ing" interrupted our survey of the county schools, and upon resumption of 
the work immediately afterwards we had opportunity to observe its effects 
upon the attendance. This accounts in part for the fact of so few children 
appearing in many of the school pictures shown herein. 



THE SCHOOL WORK. 

We strongly urge the organization of Boys' Corn Clubs, Girls' Canning 
Clubs, Literary Clubs, &c, as supplemental and vitalizing agencies of every 
rural school. These should be employed for their own sake, and the 
ordinary academic work of the school should be made more interesting 
and effective by being correlated around these practical activities. To 
neglect organizing and utilizing such helpful agencies is a serious reflec- 
tion upon the teacher and great loss to the children. Such school garden- 
ing, agriculture, horticulture, &c, should be taught and demonstrated as 
will closely relate the work of education to the better home life of the 
section. The absence of any such attempt at any of the schools of the 
county marks a notable distance between these and the most progressive 
schools of the State. While we believe any individual teacher should be 
held responsible for neglect here, still the work could be greatly facilitated 
by encouragements of various kinds from patrons and the county Board of 
Education. If the county superintendent was employed for his whole 
time he could do a great work here alone that would many times over 
justify the necessary increase of salary, as the future material develop- 
ment of the county would certainly show. 

TEACHERS. 

"As is the teacher so is the school.'' 

A careful investigation into the professional qualifications of the 
teaching force of the county seems to indicate the chief reasons for the 
lack of thoroughness of the pupils in reading, arithmetic, and other funda- 
mentals. 

In the twenty-eight white rural schools of the county are thirty-five 
teachers. Of these, sixteen hold first grade license, eleven hold second 
grade license, and eight hold third grade license. Only seven have com- 
pleted the Tenth Grade in High School ; only one is a college graduate ; 
only three have attended any Normal School at all. We found only three 
of these teachers who were taking regularly any educational Journal. 
About half of these teachers had attended Secondary schools at Hiawassee. 
Piedmont, and the Ninth District Agricultural School, in about equal num- 
bers ; but few of them had gone beyond the eighth grade. Practically all 
had attended Institutes and teachers meetings held in the county from 
two to fourteen days each. The four teachers in the High School in Clay- 
ton had all had more or less Normal School training; and the only two 
Negro schools in the county were supplied with educated and trained 
teachers. One of these negro teachers completed the English Normal 
Course at Spellman Seminary, Atlanta ; and the other one was a graduate 
of both the Ashville (N. C.) Academy (Colored), and the Allen Industrial 
School, at Asheville. One of these was a subscriber to several good edu- 
cational Journals. Both held first grade license. 

SUPERVISION. 

Even more than ordinarily whatever real and substantial progress has 
been attained in Rabun county schools is easily traceable mainly to adminis- 
tration and supervision. Administration has in the main been conservative 
and wise, looking to permanent betterment; but supervision is not sufficient. 



Supervision determines largely the degree of success in business enter- 
prises, and public school systems are not exceptions. Undoubtedly Rabun 
county's educational interests could be better served if the Board of Edu- 
cation would employ their superintendent for his whole time at an ade- 
quate salary, as the Georgia school laws now permit, and as the most pro- 
gressive counties are all now doing. Certainly there is no public interest 
of greater importance than the county's public schools. We strongly recom- 
mend this to the county school authorities as fundamental to much advance 
in education that must soon be made. This unquestionably will be done 
in time, but the sooner done the better for the cause. 

The monthly meetings of the teachers held regularly during the school 
term is doing much good, but it is a reflection upon some of the teachers 
that only about one-half of them regularly attend. It might be well for 
patrons to inquire if their local teachers attend the regular meetings, read 
educational journals, &c. 

ORGANIZED COMMUNITY HELP. 

We would urge upon the patrons and citizens in each community to 
organize for the purpose of helping along the great work of education in 
general, and the local school in particular. Great service is being rendered 
in many counties by organized Women's Clubs, Parent-Teacher Associa- 
tions, Farmers' Organizations, and the like. While the teacher should 
generally assume leadership in all matters pertaining to education, they 
can not attain highest and best results without the cordial and active co- 
operation of the entire community. 

There is at Clayton a Women's Club that is taking active interest iri 
their school, lending aid in many helpful ways. We would suggest that 
this central club take the initiative in organizing local clubs in each school 
community of the county and work with and through them, thus greatly 
multiplying its influence for great good. 

SCHOOL FINANCES. 

On December 28, 1913, Rabun county voted "For Local Taxation" 
for the public schools, and is as yet the only "Local Tax'' mountain county in 
Georgia. 

The taxable property of the county as shown by the 1914 digests is 
$1,303,908.00, and the Corporate property is returned at $4-65,444.00, 
making a total of $1,769,352.00. 

The Board of Education has recommended a "local tax" levy of 1 1-2 
mills, which should yield $2,654.00. This added to the State School Fund 
of $5,496.08 will give $8,150.08 available to the Board of Education. The 
"local tax", however, will be collectable for the first time this Winter, and 
so has not as yet been available. 

This is the most ])rogressive step yet taken by any North Georgia 
county, and should set the pace for others which will very soon follow. 

As in some other mountain counties, a considerable portion of the prop- 
erty on the tax digest is owned by non-resident timber-holding corpora- 
tions. Probably about one-third of the property returned is owned by 



non-residents. As a rule these are entirely willing for their property to 
bear a tax for the development of the county's schools. This, of course, 
is very advantageous to the citizens. However, there is also much of 
the lands being purchased by the U. S. Forestry Reservations, and this 
is non-taxable. It is probable, however, that certain charges for grazing 
upon these lands will eventually go to the public school funds of the 
county, and may yield a considerable revenue to the benefit of the schools. 




RABUN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION. 

(Reading from left to right) 

Dr. J. C. Dover, Chairman ('layton, Ga. 

Hon. A. Whitmire Pine Mountain, Ga. 

Hon. J. E. Neville Rabun Gap, Ga. 

Hon. W. S. Price R. 1, Clayton, Ga. 

Hon. J. C. Howard Quartz, Ga. 

Hon. L. M. Chastain, Superintendent Burton, Ga. 



10 



THE SCHOOLS IN DETAIL 




A well-worn path afross the rocks to a 
mountain school house 



Whicli will s()(in be replaced by a new 
and better building. 



TIMSON SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Mr. Addis, P. O. Burton, Ga. 

Location: Three miles east of Burton; 4 miles northwest of Liberty. This is 
an old school house that will be abandoned after the present term for 
a new one that is now in course of construction. Illustrations of 
both are given herewith. There is no equipment whatever. No 
closets. The new site is a beautiful elevated wooded lot near the 
road. 

Grounds: Contain one acre, and the title is in the County Board of Edu- 
cation. The grounds are not yet improved. The building is about 
half finished. It will have one room, size 22x36 ft., no cloak rooms 
provided. The cost will be about $600.00. 

Statistics: Census (1913) 24; enrollment 30; average 27. 

Water: Will be supplied from a good spring near by. 

School Organization: One teacher; six grades; no industrial studies. 
Pupils do not read understandingly or well. No Clubs of any kind. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 per annum from Board of Education. $5.00 per 
pupil per year for tuition. Nothing for supplies or equipment. 

11 




PLUM ORCHARD SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Alva West, P. O. Burton, Ga. 

Location: Extreme northwestern corner of the county, in sparsely set- 
tled timber section, not near any other public school in the county. 

Grounds: Area, 1 acre; Titles, Local Trustees. Character, rolling, very 
small play grounds ; wooded ; no school gardens ; no closets ; yards 
clean and well kept. 

Building: Log house; ceiled; unpainted; one room, 18 x 20 ft.; no cloak 
rooms ; lighting insufficient ; room very neat and extremely well 
kept. 

Community Uses: Regularly for a Baptist church. 

Equipment: Long benches; 15 ft. blackboard; good selection of Perry 
Pictures (unframed) properly placed around the room; no maps, 
charts, library, or other helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913) 13; enrollment 19; average 18. 

Water: From a safe spring 150 yds. distant, supplied from common dip- 
per. 

School Organization: One teacher; five grades; no industrial or club 
work attempted. Pupils read intelligently and well. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 per annum from county Board for tuition; equiva- 
lent to nearly five dollars per child per year. None for supplies or 
equipment. 



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LIBERTY SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Josie Meece, P. O. Clayton, Ga. 

Location: 2 miles west of Tiger and 3 miles east of Grove School. 
Established one year. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, County Board of Education; Character, 
open, level, with some good trees. Condition, Entirely neglected, 
waste paper, trash &c., scattered over the grounds. No school gar- 
dens, no closets. 

Building: One room, 2-i x 40 ft.; value $650.00; painted outside, ceiled 
but unpainted inside; sufficiently, but improperly lighted; fairly 
well kept. 

Community Uses: Regularly as a Baptist church. 

Equipment: Long benches with backs; 30 ft. blackboards; no maps, no 
charts, no globes, no library or other helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913) 10; enrollment 35; average 24. 

Water: From well on premises, delivered in common dippers. Well in 
good condition. 

School Organization: One teacher; six grades; no daily program posted; 
no attempt to teach any industries ; no clubs. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 per annum from Board of Education. $4.30 per 
pupil per year for tuition. Nothing for supplies or equipment. 



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GROVE SCHOOL. 

Teacher: H. J. Arrendale, P. O. Tiger, Ga. 

Location: 3 miles east of Powell's Gap, 3 miles west of the Liberty School. 

Grounds: Area, 11-2 acres; Titles, County Board of Education. Charac 
ter, wooded, rolling, capable of beautifying; new location, not yet 
improved ; no closets. Condition : house not fully completed, and 
school just moved in. Nothing yet done on grounds. 

Building: Value, $500.00; one room, 22 x 36 ft; unpainted, unceiled, 
unfinished , no cloak rooms provided ; not sufficiently or properly 
lighted. 

Community Uses: Not yet developed. 

Equipment: Long benches; no blackboards; no maps; no charts; no globes; 
no library or other helps. The teacher has done excellent work in 
making a good teacher's desk and book racks. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 31; enrollment, 42; average, about 35. 

Water: Will be supplied from good spring, 100 yards, away. Common 
drinking dippers. 

School Organization: Seven grades; one teacher; daily program, 27 
recitations; no industrial work or clubs, but some excellent manual 
training work is being done by the teacher, but not by school. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from County Board of Education. $3.50 per 
per pupil per year tuition. Nothing for equipment and supplies. 



14 











GERMANY SCHOOL. 

Teacher: Miss Vassie Powell, P. O. Clayton, Ga., R. F. D. 

Location: 4 miles south of Wolk Fork; 4 miles north of Persimmon. 

Grounds: Area, 1 acre; Titles, Baptist church. Character, open, rolling- 
with cemetery in front, grove in rear. Condition ; neglected. 

Building: Value, $600.00; good repair; one room, 30 x 40 ft.; painted 
outside, ceiled inside; no cloak rooms; no closets; not well kept; 
well ventilated, and fairly well lighted. 

Community Uses: Regularly as Baptist church. 

Equipment: Seated with long benches; Library, 75 vols.; 15 ft. black- 
boards; 1 map of Georgia; no charts, globes, or other helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 27; enrollment, 24; average 13. 

Water: From good spring 150 yards away; delivered in individual drink- 
ing cups. 

School Organization: Seven grades; one teacher; no attempt at in- 
dustrial teaching of any kind; no Boys' Corn Clubs, or Girls' Clubs. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from county Board of Education. About $5.50 
per pupil per year. 

15 







BURTON SCHOOL. 

Teachers: J. E. Ledford; Miss May Wikle, Assistant, P. O. Burton. Ga. 

Location: 3 miles west of Timson; 4 miles north of Powell's Gap; 4 1-2 
miles South of Persimmon school. 

Grounes: Area, 2 acres; Titles, Local Trustees. Character, large open 
play grounds facing Tallulah River ; sufficient good shade trees ; 
no school gardens, no closets. Condition; not carefully kept, waste 
papers, &c. 

Building: Value $1,000.00; one room, 36 x .54 ft., divided by curtain; 
no cloak rooms ; sufficient light and ventilation ; painted outside ; 
ceiled, unpainted inside ; evidently built for a church ; house fairly 
well kept. 

Community Uses: Used regularly as a Baptist church and Sunday School. 

Equipment: 50 patent double desks, all large size; 50 ft. blackboards; 
four maps; Library, 100 vols.; no pictures. 

Stastistics: Census (1913), 98; enrollment, 78; average, 60. 

Water: From spring on play ground 50 yards from building. A good 
spring house and cement laid around spring protects the spring from 
above, but the location of the spring suggests the possibility of con- 
tamination by the underground current supplying the water. Delivery, 
common dippers at spring. 

School Organization : Seven grades ; two teachers ; no daily program, but 
about 20 recitations ; no industrial work or clubs of any kind ; one 
boy in corn club, but not supervised. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $400.00 from County Board of Education; about $5.00 
per pupil per year for tuition. 

Remarks: Children not well supplied with text-books. 



16 




BETTY'S CREEK SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Carrie Ritchie, P. O. Rabun Gap, Ga. 

Location: 3 miles northwest of Dillard and Rabun Gap schools; 5 miles 
north of Wolf Fork school. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, Local trustees. Character, Hillsides r. 
no improvements ; no closets ; no playgrounds ; few trees ; no school 
garden. Condition, neglected. 

Building: Value $100.00; one room, 2i x 30 ft; no cloak rooms; light and 
ventilation good ; ceiled, but unpainted. 

Community Uses: Sunday School and occasional preaching. 

Equipment: Long benches; 8 ft. blackboard; few small unframed pic- 
tures; no maps; no charts; no globes; no library, or other helps. 

Stastistics: Census (1913), 29; enrollment 38; average 25. 

Water: From spring 100 yards away; delivered in common drinking cups. 

School Organization: One teacher; six grades; no daily program; about 
40 recitations ; no industrial teaching or club work. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from County Board of Education. About $4.00 
per pupil per year tuition. Nothing for equipment and supplies. 



17 



'S^*' 




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Lk 





CHECHERO SCHOOL. 



Teachers: Mr. A. C. Blalock; Mrs. H. C. Blalock, Assistant, P, O. Clayton, 
Cia., R. 1. 

Location: 6 miles southeast of Clayton; i miles north of Wolf Creek 

Grounds: Area, 2 acres; Titles, County Board of Education. Character, 
wooded, very small playgrounds; no garden; no closets. 
Condition, neglected, waste paper, trash, &c. 

Building: Value, $700.00; good condition; one room, 30x40 ft; room 
divided by a thin curtain; painted outside; ceiled, but not ^^ainted 
inside; floor well oiled; no cloak rooms; light insufficient and im- 
proper; well kept. 

Community Uses: None. 

Equipment: Good new patent double desks; good blackboards; a few small 
unf ramed pictures ; no maps ; no charts ; no globes ; no library or other 
helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 75; enrollment, 61; average, 54. 

Water: Spring; delivery, common drinking cup. 

School Organization: Six grades; two teachers; daily program shows 
about 21 recitations; no industrial work or clubs of any kind. Fourth 
and Fifth grades read intelligently and well ; second grade reading 
fair; English and composition fairly good; some good teaching wit- 
nessed here. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: .$100.00 from County Board of Education; or $6.25 per 
pupil per year for tuition ; nothing for supplies and equipment. 
(About $125.00 spent this year for new patent desks, of which the 
Board contributed $62.50.) " 

18 




DILLARD SCHOOL. 

Teachers: Mr. W. L. Stone, Prin., Miss Carrie Dillard, Assistant, P. O. 
Dillard, Ga. 

Location : One mile north of Rabun Gap ; at Dillard Station. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, in County Board of Education. Char- 
acter, beautiful shaded grounds, adjoining lot on which is the Bap- 
tist church ; capable of being made very beautiful. Much rhododen- 
dron on premises. Condition, not well kept. Confusion of waste 
papers, and many unsightly things scattered over grounds. Utterly 
neglected. One closet. Unsanitary condition. 

Building: Well planned building; two rooms, each 22 x 30 ft.; 2 cloak 
rooms ; outside unpainted, inside ceiled but unpainted ; 2 small ver- 
andas ; well lighted and ventilated ; not well heated ; value about 
$1,. 500. 00. JNIoderately well kept. 

Community Uses: None. 

Equipment: Good patent desks of two sizes; 30 ft. blackboards; no maps, 
no framed pictures, no charts, no globes, no library, or other helps. 

Water Supply: Spring 1.50 yards under hill, reasonably safe except for 
a "family wash jilace'' just above. Delivered in common drinking 
cup or dijjper. 

Statistics: Census (1913) 94; Enrollment 70; Average 55. 

School Organization: Nine grades and two teachers. No industrial or 
Club work of any kind attempted. Eive boys in Corn Club, but 
unorganized and not supervised b}' teachers. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $ 100.00 per annum from Board of Education. About 
$5.90 per child per year for tuition. Nothing for equipment and 
supplies. 

19 




BALD MOUNTAIN SCHOOL. 

(Highest School in Georgia, 4,700 feet Elevation.) 

Teacher: Miss Ethel Ritchie, Rabun Gap, Ga. 

Location: Near the top of Rabun Bald. 7 miles west of Dillard, 5 miles 
east of Three Forks; 3 miles south of Scaley, N. C. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, County Board of Education. Character, 
wooded lot near top of the mountain. Condition, unimproved, neg- 
lected. No school gardens, no closets, very small play grounds. 

Building: Log house, one room, 18x20 ft.; good repair; well ceiled in- 
side; not painted; well lighted and ventilated. Value, $300.00. No 
cloak rooms. 

Community Uses: None. 

Equipment: Long benches; 6 ft. blackboards; no maps, no charts, no 
globes, no library or other helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 17; enrollment, 14; Average, 12. 

Water: From spring, good; delivered at spring to children. 

School Organization: Eight grades; one teacher; no program posted; 
drawing lessons weekly ; no industrial work or clubs of any kind. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from Board of Education. About $10.00 per 
pupil per year. 



20 




POWELL'S GAP SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Ora Chastain, P. O. Burton, Ga. 

Location : 3 miles west of Grove School ; i miles southeast of Burton. 

Grounds: Area, 2 acres; Titles, County Board of Education. Character, 
elevated, rolling, shaded, affording a magnificient view of surround- 
ing mountain scenery. Grounds improved and well kept. No school 
gardens ; no closets. 

Building: Value $700.00; one room, 24x4.8 ft.; good repair; good light 
and ventilation ; painted outside, ceiled inside ; no cloak rooms ; clean 
and well kept. 

Community Uses: Regularly as Baptist church and Sunday School. 

Equipment: Long benches; 16 ft. blackboards; no maps; no globes; 
no framed pictures; no charts; library, 70 vols.; organ used regu- 
larly by school and church. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 28; enrollment, 32; average, 28. 

Water: From good spring; delivered in common dippers. 

School Organization: Seven grades; class singing regularly taught; no 
industrial work or clubs of any kind, but one boy growing corn. 
Children read intelligently and well. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 per annum from Board of Education. About 
$4.70 per pupil per year for tuition. Nothing for equipment. 

21 




CAMP CREEK SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Luther Lee. P. O. Tiger, Ga., R. F. D. 

Location: 1 miles soutli of Wolf Creek school; 6 miles northeast of Tal- 
lulah Falls school. 

Grounds: Area one acre; Titles, County Board of Education. Character, 
wooded lot, level and fine grove ; natural i:)lay grounds ; no school 
gardens ; no closets ; good wood house well provided with cut wood. 
Grounds in good condition. 

Building: Value -$900.00; one room, 21-x36 ft.; painted outside, ceiled, 
unpainted inside ; well lighted and ventilated ; no cloak rooms ; well 
kept. 

Community Uses: Regularly as Baptist church. 

Equipment: Long benches; 12 ft. blackboards; no maps; no charts; no 
globes; no library; 2 large unframed pictures of Hoke Smith. 

Statistics: Census (1913). 26; enrollment 21; average 16. 

AVater: From good spring 300 yards away. Delivered to the ])upils in 
individual drinking cups. 

School Organization: One teacher; five grades; no program posted; no 
industrial work ; no clubs. 
(Note: visited this school after children dismissed.) 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 per annum from County Board. About $6.00 
per pupil per year. None for equipment. 



22 




WOLF CREEK SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Mattie Price. P. O. Tiger, Ga., R. F. D. 

Location: 4 miles south of Checbero; 1 miles north of Camp Creek; i 
miles northeast of Old Tiger school. 

Grounds: Area, 2 acres; Titles, Board of Education. Character, beauti- 
ful shaded lot ; level ; large play grounds in front ; fairly well kept ; 
no closets; no school gardens. 

Building: Value $1, 200. 00; one room, 30x10 ft.; good repair; improperly 
and insufficiently lighted ; painted outside, ceiled inside ; not well 
kept; no cloak rooms. 

Community Uses: Regularly as a Baptist church. 

Equipment: Long benches for church use; no good blackboards; no maps; 
charts, globes, pictures, library, &c. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 31; enrollment, 33; average, 27. 

Water: Good spring, 50 yards distant; delivered common dipper. 

School Organization: One teacher; seven grades; no program posted; 
about 30 recitations; occasional lessons in drawing; no industrial 
work. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 per annum from County Board. About $4.80 per 
pupil per j^ear. Nothing for equipment. 



23 



, A/ O -R T H 




MAP OF RABUN COUNTY, GA., S 




iWING LOCATION OF SCHOOLS, 




THREE FORKS SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Stella Penland, P. O. Clayton, Ga. 

Location : 4 miles southeast of Bald ^lountain school ; 5 miles west of 
Pleasant Ridge school; sparsely settled section. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, Local Trustees. Character, high up 
on Mountain Ridge, wooded lot. Condition, very small play grounds; 
no closets ; no school gardens ; grounds neglected. 

Building: One room, 18x21 ft.; value $250.00; unceiled, unpainted; no 
cloak rooms; ventilation and light sufficient; fairly good repair; 
fairly well kept. 

Community Uses: None. 

Equipment: Long benches; 10 ft. blackboard; no maps; no charts; no 
globes; no library, or other helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 13; enrollment, 17; average, 12. 

Water: Good spring 250 yards away; common dippers. 

School Organization: One teacher; six grades; no program posted; no 
industrial work of any character attempted ; no clubs. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from County Board. $8.85 per pupil per year. 
None for equipment. 



26 




WARWOMAN SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miller Grist, P. O. Clayton, Ga., R. F. D. 

Location: 6 miles east of Clayton; 4 miles west of Hamby school; 6 miles 
northeast of Chechero school. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, Board of Education. Character, wooded 
lot; rolling ridge. Condition, neglected; no school garden; no closets. 

Building: One room, 18x24 ft.; old building, value $50. (X); unceiled, un- 
painted ; poorly lighted and ventilated; no cloak rooms. 

Community Uses: None. 

Equipment: Home made desks; 8 ft. blackboard; no maps; no charts; no 
globes; no pictures; small library of 36 volumes kept by Epworth 
League for community use. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 33; enrollment 43; average 36. 

Water: Good spring 100 yards distant; common dippers. 

School Organization: One teacher; seven grades; no program posted; 
about 25 recitations; no industrial work attempted; one boy in corn 
club (not supervised by teacher) ; no Girls' Clubs. 

Organised Community Help: None. (Except in Library Circulation.) 

^Maintenance : $150.00 from County Board. About $3.50 per pupil per 
year. Nothing for equipment. 




PERSIMMON SCHOOL. 

Teachers: L. B. Coleman. Principal; Forest Moore, Assistant; P. O. Bla- 
lock, Ga. 

Location : 4 miles south of Germany ; 3 miles south of Boiling Springs ; 
6 miles north of Burton. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, Board of Education. Character, ele- 
vated, rolling, ridge, with woods in rear; cemetery in front; small 
play ground space ; no school gardens ; no closets. Condition, neg- 
lected. 

Building: One large room, divided by curtains; value, 600.00; painted 
outside ; unceiled and unpainted inside ; no cloak rooms ; fairly well 
kept. 

Community Uses: Regularly as Baptist church and Sunday School. 

Equipment: Long benches; 25 ft. blackboards; no maps of value; no 
charts ; no globes ; no library ; unf ramed pictures. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 71; enrollment, 82; average, 69. 

Water: Good spring 200 yards distant; common dippers. 

School Organization: Two teachers; seven grades; no program posted; 
no industrial work attempted ; no clubs of any kind. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance : $400.00 from County Board of Education. $4.85 per 
pupil per year tuition. Nothing for equipment. 



28 




OLD TIGER SCHOOL. 

Teachers: Mr. N. R. C. Ramev, Principal; Mrs. Ramey, Assistant; P. O. 
Wiley, Ga. 

Location: 4 miles south of Tiger; 4 miles west of Camp Creek; 6 miles 
north of Tallulah Falls. At Mathis Station. 

Grounds : Area, one acre ; Titles, Baptist church. Character, on banks 
of Tiger Creek quite near its junction with the Tallulah River; 
fine grove of large trees ; ample play grounds ; no school gardens ; 
no closets. Condition, good. 

Building : One large room ; value $800.00 ; no cloak rooms ; light and 
ventilation fairly good ; painted outside, painted and ceiled inside ; 
well kept. 

Community Uses: Regularly as Baptist church and Sunday School. 

Equipment: Long benches; very little blackboard; no maps; no charts; 
no globes ; no library or other helps. Benches are arranged under 
large trees for regular open air school for primary grades in good 
tceather. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 145; enrollment, 81; average, 65. 

Water: Good spring near by; common dippers. 

School Organization: Two teachers; four grades; no program posted; 
no industrial work attempted; 5 Boys in Corn Club, and two girls in 
Canning Club. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $400.00 from County Board. About $5.00 per pupil per 
year tuition. Nothing for equipment. 



29 




RABUN GAP SCHOOL. 



Teachers: Miss Sudie Shelor, Principal; Miss Mary Shelor, Assistant; 
P. O. Rabun Gap, Ga. 

Location : One mile south of Dillard School ; 4 miles north of Mountain 
'City; 4 miles east of Betty's Creek. 

Grounds: Area, 2 acres; Titles, Industrial School. Character, fine ele- 
vated grove opposite the Rabun Gap Industrial School ; rolling, and 
small area for play grovinds on school lot. No school gardens ; no 
closets ; lot neglected. 

Building: Well planned, three room building; painted outside; ceiled and 
painted inside; well lighted and ventilated; 2 good cloak rooms; only 
fairly well kept. 

Community U^ses: None. 

Equipment: Good patent desks in suitable sizes; 60 ft. blackboards; no 
maps; no charts; no globes; a few framed pictures; no school library, 
but have use of the library at the Industrial School near by. 

Statistics: Census (1913). 128; enrollment, 80; average, 65. 

AVater: From hydrant piped down i'rom mountain; common dipper. 

Maintenance: $iOO.O() from County Board Education, supplemented 
$210.00 by Rabun Gap Industrial School. (Note: This school runs 
nine months.) 



30 




HAMBY'S SCHOOL. 



Teacher: S. E. Bleckley, P. O. Pine Mountain, Ga. 

Location: 4 miles east of Warwoman school; i miles west of ]\It. Pleasant; 
5 miles south of Three Forks. 

Grounds: Area 2 acres; Titles, County Board of Education. Character, 
wooded ridge. Condition, fair. Very little play grounds ; no closets ; 
no school gardens. 

Building: One room, 18x20 ft.; log house, value $350.00; well ceiled; no 
cloak rooms; insufficiently and improperly lighted; fairly well kept. 

Community Uses: None. 

Equipment: Long benches; 20 ft. blackboard; no maps; no charts; no 
globes ; no pictures ; no library, &c. 

Statistics: Census (1913) 3i; enrollment 43; average 28. 

Water: From a Branch (?) 200 yards away; common dippers. 

School Organization: One teacher; seven grades; no program posted; 
29 recitations; no industrial work attempted; no clubs of any kind. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $1.50.00 from County Board. $3.50 per pupil per year. 
Nothing for equipment. 



31 




PLEASANT RIDGE SCHOOL. 

Teacher: Miss Maud James, P. O. Scaley, N. C. 

Location: 3 miles northeast of Glades; t miles west of Three Forks. 

Grounds: Area, 2 acres; Titles, County Board of Education. Character, 
narrow ridge, in a beautiful white pine grove ; wooded lot, with 
little play grounds ; no school gardens ; no closets ; not improved. 

Building: One room, 20x30 ft.; value $450.00; ceiled, but unpainted; 
fairly well lighted and ventilated; no cloak rooms; very well kept. 

Community Uses: Bi-weekly meetings of Good Order League; also re- 
ligious meetings. 

Equipment: Long benches; 20 ft. blackboard; no maps; no charts; no 
globes ; no pictures ; no library, or other helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913) 33; enrollment 34; average 22. 

Water: From good spring 1-4 mile away; common dipjDcrs. 

School Organization: One teacher; six grades; no program posted; 24 
recitations; occasional drawing lessons; no industrial work attempted; 
no clubs. 

Organized Community Help: None, except Law and Order League just 
organized. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from County Board. $4.40 per pupil per year. 
None for equipment. 



32 




TIGER SCHOOL. 



Teachers: Rev. J. T. Swanson, Principal; Miss Sallie Swanson, Assis- 
tant, P. O. Tiger, Ga. 

Location: 4 miles south of Clayton; 2 miles east of Liberty; 4- miles west 
of Wolf's Creek. 

Grounds: Area, 2 acres; Titles, Local Trustees. Character, fine grove; 
level lot; large play grounds; no school gardens; no closets. Con- 
dition, not well kept, waste paper, &c. 

Building: Well planned 3 room building, value $1,600.00; good cloak rooms 
and a library room ; well lighted and ventilated ; painted ouside ; 
ceiled, unpainted inside; fairly well kept. 

Community Uses: None. 

Equipment: Single patent desks for Primary grades; double home-made 
for intermediate grades ; 1 00 ft. blackboard ; no library ; no charts ; 
no globes; no pictures. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 109; enrollment, 101; average, 75. 

Water: From well on grounds; common dippers. 

School Organization: Two teachers; eight grades; no industrial work 
or clubs. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: S^OO.OO from County Board Education. $L00 per pupil 
per year. Nothing for equipment. 



33 




GLADES SCHOOL. 



Teacher: ]\Iiss Stella Nicholson, P. O. Pine Mountain, Ga. 

Location: Extreme northeast corner of the State, very near the lines of 
North Carolina and South Carolina; 4 miles east of Pleasant Ridge 
and six miles north of Mt. Pleasant school. 

Grounds: Area, 1 1-2 acres; Titles, County Board. Character, old field; 
near small stream, with woods and mountains in back-ground. Con- 
dition, neglected. No school gardens ; no closets. 

Building: Log house, well ceiled; value, $450.00; one room, 20x24 ft.; 
no cloak rooms ; fairly well ventilated ; improperly lighted ; well kept. 

Community Uses: Baptist church. 

Equipment: Long benches; 10 ft. blackboard; no maps; no charts, globes, 
pictures, library or other helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 23; enrollment, 17; average, 14. 

Water : Good spring, 1 00 yards off ; common dippers. 

School Organization: One teacher; seven grades; program posted; about 
24 recitations; no industrials, drawing, or domestic science; no Clubs 
of any kind. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from County Board. $8.85 per pupil per year. 
None for equipment. 



34 




WOLF FORK SCHOOL. 

Teacher: Miss Delia Moore, P. O. Rabun Gap, Ga., R. F. D. 

Location : 3 miles west of Rabun Gap school, 4 miles northwest of Moun- 
tain City school, 4 miles north of Germany school. 

Grounds: Area, 2 acres; Titles, Local School Trustees. Character, open 
play grounds and grove; cemetery in the rear. Condition, good. No 
school garden. No closets. 

Building: Value, $650.00; one room, 30x40; good repair; painted out- 
side, ceiled but not painted inside ; no cloak rooms ; well lighted and 
ventilated ; well kept. 

Community Uses: Regularly as a Baptist church and Sunday School. 

Equipment: Fairly good patent desks, two sizes; 20 ft. blackboard; un- 
f ramed pictures ; no maps ; no charts ; no globes, &c. Small library 
of 12 books. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 47; enrollment, 89; average, 30. 

Water: Spring 100 yards away, safe; distribution, common cups. 

School Organization: Seven grades; daily program shows 28 recitations; 
no industrial or Clubs for boys or girls, but two boys in State Corn 
Club not supervised by teacher. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance : $200.00 per annum from county Board of Education, 
which is equivalent to about $5.00 per capita as tuition. Nothing 
for equipment and supplies. 

35 



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BOILING SPRINGS SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Mr. Marlor Smith, P. O. Mathis, Ga. 

Location: 3 miles north of Persimmon school; 4 miles south of Germany 
school. 

Grounds: Area, 2 acres. Titles, Board of Education. Character, grove and 
open play grounds. No school gardens ; no closets. Condition, neg- 
lected. 

Building: New; value $650.00; one room, 24x48 ft.; no cloak rooms; 
painted outside; unceiled (but material on hand); well lighted and 
ventilated; fairly well kept. 

Community Uses: Occasionally as a Methodist church. 

Equipment: Long benches (but part funds on hand for seating); 24 ft. 
blackboards ; organ ; no maps ; no charts ; no globes ; no framed pic- 
tures; no library, or other helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913) 57; enrollment 52; average 47. 

Water: From safe spring 100 yards distant; common drinking vessel. 

School Organization: One teacher; seven afrades; 35 recitations; no in- 
dustrial teaching or Club work of any kind. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $200.00 nc* annum from Board of Education for tuition; 
equivalent to nearly $4.00 per child per year for tuition. Nothing 
for supplies and equipment. 



36 




MT. PLEASANT SCHOOL. 

Teacher: Ira S. Holden^ Pine Mountain, Ga. 

Location : 7 miles east of Hamby ; 6 miles south of Pleasant Ridge. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, County Board Education. Character, 
wooded ridge ; small play grounds ; no school gardens ; no closets ; 
neglected adjoining lot of Baptist church. 

Building: One room, 21x30 ft.; value $450.00; unpainted; ceiled; im- 
properly lighted ; not well kept. 

Community Uses: None. 

Equipment: Home made desks; 16 ft. blackboards; few maps; no charts; 
no globes ; no pictures ; no library. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 32; enrollment, 31; average 28. 

Water: From good spring 150 yards away; common dippers. 

School Organization: One teacher; seven grades; program posted, 28 
recitations ; no industrial work or clubs of any kind. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from County Board. About $5.00 per pupil per 
year tuition. Nothing for equipment. 



37 



MOUNTAIN CITY SCHOOL. 



Teachers: Robt. Pitts, Principal; Miss Myrtle Dixon, Assistant; P. O. 
Mountain City, Ga. 

Location: i miles east of Wolf Fork; 3 miles south of Rabun Gap; 3 
miles north of Clayton. 

Note : This school is being taught temporarily in the Methodist church. 
A modern school building is planned to be built this winter by the 
Athens Women's Clubs co-operating with the citizens of Moimtain 
City and the County Board of Education. The building plans will 
be approved, and the cost will be about $1,500.00. This building 
will be furnished with a modern school equipment, and will be sup- 
plied with running mountain water and other conveniences. The 
school will be known as the Ella F. White Memorial School. The 
lot contains one and one-half acres, and the title is in the County 
Board of Education. The present building is not suitable for school 
purposes, and neither the building or grounds are kept in tidy con- 
dition. 
No picture is given of the church building now used. 

Statistics: Census (1913) 75; enrollment 92; average 63. 

School Organization: Two teachers; five grades; no program posted; no 
industrial work attempted ; no club work of any kind. 

Maintenance: $100.00 from County Board of Education. $4.35 per 
l)upil per year. Nothing for equipment. 



FLAT CREEK SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss DeMore, P. O. Clarkesville, Ga. 

Location: 5 miles south of Powell's Gap; 8 miles north of Tallulah Falls. 
This School will be abandoned within a month. The big pond of the 
Mathis Power Plant will cover the grounds upon which it is situated, 
the company having paid to the local trustees the value of the house 
($400.00). It is not yet determined what disposition will be made 
of this fund. 



38 




IVY HILL (Colored) SCHOOL. 

Teacher: May Gibson, P. O. Clayton, Ga. 

Location : About one mile out of Clayton, Ga. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, Colored Baptist church. Beautiful wood- 
ed lot ; no play grounds ; no gardens ; no closets ; grounds neglected. 

Building: One room, 20x24 ft.; value, $200.00; unpainted ; unceiled; no 
cloak rooms ; fairly well kept. 

Community Uses: Regularly as a Baptist church. 

Equipment: Long benches; one new map of L^nited States, reverse side, 
World; no charts, j^ictures or other helps. 

Statistics: Census (1913), 36; enrollment, 34; average, 21. 

Water: From good spring 1.50 yards away; common dippers. 

School Organization: One teacher; five grades; no industrial work or 
domestic science, &c., no program posted. 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from County Board of Education. $4.40 per 
pupil per year. None for equipment. 



39 




WELL'S CHAPEL (Colored) SCHOOL. 

Teachkr: Gertrude Lipscomb, P. O. Rabun Gap, Ga. 

Location: About one mile from Rabun Gap, Ga. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; Titles, Methodist church. Character, elevated 
wooded lot; no school gardens; no closets; grounds very carefully 
kept. 

Building: One room log house; value $300.00; ceiled; fairly well lighted 
and ventilated; no cloak rooms; clean and carefully kept. 

Community Uses: Methodist church. 

Equipment: Long benches, with writing backs provided; 10 ft. black- 
boards; no maps; no charts or globes; small library of books and 
magazines, 25 volumes. 

Statistics: Census (1913) 19; enrollment, 15; average 13. 

Water: Good spring 50 yards distant; common dippers. 

School Organization: One teacher; six grades; no program posted; 
about 40 recitations ; map drawing ; no industrial work ; two Clubs. 
(Note: Pupils here read remarkably well and with thorough under- 
standing. All in 1th, 5th, and 6th grades knew the multiplication 
table thoroughly. Hygiene and Sanitation taught and demonstrated 
in an intelligent manner. Children could write well and answer 
intelligently all questions that were asked. The methods of teach- 
ing was far above the average. The Literary Club reads one book 
from library each week, and discusses its merits at weekly meetings. 
The "Flower Club'' grow and study flowers at the school and else- 
where, and discusses them at weekly meetings.) 

Organized Community Help: None. 

Maintenance: $150.00 from County Board Education. About $10.00 per 
pupil per year. Nothing for equipment. 

40 




CLAYTON HIGH SCHOOL. 

Teachers: A. A. O'Kelley, Principal; High School Grades. Miss Maude 
Moomaugh, First and Second Grades ; Miss Bonnie Parrish, Third 
and Fourth Grades ; Miss Dubose, Fifth and Sixth Grades. 

Grounds: Large area. Titles in Local Trustees. Character, high eleva- 
tion, beautiful grove. Condition, fairly good and being improved. 
Not suited for large play grounds ; closets in building, not well 
kept. 

Building: Value $10,000.00; two story; four large class rooms on first 
floor, large auditorium and small music rooms on second floor ; no 
cloak rooms ; building well kept. 

Equipment: Class rooms jjroperly seated; auditorium not well seated; 
few maps, some pictures, charts, &c. Good blackboards. Two pianos. 
Efforts are on foot by the Clayton Women's Club to supply the 
school with a good library and reading room. 

Attendance: About 275 pupils enrolled. 

Water: From City Water pipes; supplied to pupils from outside hydrants. 

Organized Community Help: The Clayton Women's Club. 

School Organization: A well organized four-teacher High School. No 
industrial work or school clubs. A capable teacher of piano has 
good class. 

Maintenance: This school is operated under a special Local System, 
county funds being supplemented by a municipal levy. The school 
is open to pupils from the county. 



41 




THE RABUN GAP INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. 
Located at Rabun Gap, Ga. 

"A Farm, School and Home for Dependent Boys and Girls." 

An Incorporated, Non-sectarian Institution, with four teachers, and 
an attendance of about sixty pupils. 

Andrew J. Ritchie, Founder and Principal. 



42 



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THE LOGAN E. BLECKLEY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE. 

Located at Clayton, Ga. 

A school under the auspices of the State Baptist Mission Board, with 
three teachers, and an attendance of about twenty-five pupils. 

Rev. H. P. Bell, Principal. 



43 








THE TALLULAH FALLS INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. 

At the request of Mrs. H. M. Willett, the Director of the Tallulah 
Falls Industrial School, which is owned and maintained by the State Feder- 
ation of Women's Clubs, in co-operation with the County Boards of Educa- 
tion of Rabun and Habersham, this survey has been made, partly by Mr. 
M. L. Duggan and partly by Miss C. S. Parrish, the State Supervisor as- 
signed to the two counties. 

There is here a building containing three school rooms, one of which 
may be used as an auditorium, a kitchen with some Domestic Science 
equipment, and a shop with a modest equipment for wood work. There is 
a library of two hundred volumes, but the books are not well adapted to 
the children in attendance upon the school. There are a few good framed 
pictures upon the walls of one room. The building is now clean and well 
kept. 

The school grounds are well supplied with trees, but they slope rapidly, 
are rough and uneven, and unsuited to playgrounds. Flowers and shrubs 
are now being planted upon them and they are kept in good order, some 
definite imjjrovements being pushed. 

There is only one toilet provided for the non-resident children and that 
is unsanitary in every respect. The water supply is not well managed. 

Near the school there is a well built and beautiful cottage, capable 
of accommodating fourteen persons. It is supplied with the most necessary 
heavy furniture, such as beds, chairs and tables, but it is lacking in modern 
conveniences for dining room and kitchen. Certain small articles necessary 
to orderly and sanitary housekeeping are also lacking. The water supply 
is inconvenient of access and, wholly inadequate. The bathrooms which are 
provided by the building have no water at all. Both school building and 
cottage are without sewerage and the cottage has only one outdoor toilet. 

The grounds around the cottage are well shaded, but are lacking in 



44 



shrubs and flowers, and do not admit of playgrounds. A vegetable garden 
has been begun and is now being well managed. A good barn has just been 
finished and some additions have been made to the conveniences of the cot- 
tage. Walks and drives are being made by the children. 

Eightly-five pupils are enrolled and there are about seventy in actual 
attendance. There are at present three teachers and a matron. Seven 
grades are taught. Some industrial work is done in the school, but it has 
been unsystematic and at random. Some systematic work has been done by 
the resident students under the direction of the matron. Plans are on foot 
for definite work in home making, fruit growing, gardening, poultry and 
cattle raising, sewing and simple woodwork. 

The matron and teachers live in the cottage with ten students who are 
supported entirely b}^ gifts from philanthropists, most of whom are mem- 
bers of the State Federation of Women's Clubs. There is great need in the 
surrounding communities for scholarships of this sort. 



RECOMMENDATIONS. 

1. Only two teachers in addition to the matron are needed at present, 
but these should be mature, skillful, experienced, consecrated and efficient. 
One of these should be skilled in primary, the other in grammar grade work. 
One should be able to teach sight-singing and should have the supervision 
of the games and the plays ; the other should be able to carry on and to 
teach some of the industries. The matron seems a necessity. She should 
be asked to assume the teaching of certain industries, such as poultry rais- 
ing, gardening, fruit growing, canning, and the usual home activities. 

2. The matron and two teachers should be employed and paid for 
twelve months of the year and at least two of them should always be on 
the ground. 

3. , A distinct outline of the industrial work to be done in each grade 
should be made by some person selected for the purpose, working in con- 
sultation and harmony with the principal and matron of the school. When 
made, the teachers and matron should be expected to carry it out. 

4. What is now known as the "industrial period'' should be abolished 
and the hand work should be done in close correlation with the academic 
subjects. 

5. Playgrounds should be provided and out-door sports encouraged. 

6. The grounds of both school and cottage should have flowers and 
shrubs planted by the children. 

7. Two separate sanitary closets should be provided for the non- 
resident children. 

8. Bubble fountains should be provided or individual drinking cups 
required. 

45 



9. Better community relations should be established, the parents 
should be organized and their interest in the school secured. As soon as. 
this is done, they should be asked to give substantial help in the upbuild- 
ing of the school, which should become a definite center. 

10. The library should have a large addition of" books selected with 
reference to the needs of the children and of the community. 

11. An effort should be made to draw all the young people of the 
community into the sports on the school play-grounds and to interest them 
in certain school activities, such as cooking, canning, gardening, etc. 

12. Framed pictures selected with reference to their effect upon the 
children should be placed upon the walls of all the school rooms. 

13. The school should work much more definitely to teach the ''Art 
of Living". To this end both school building and cottage should be sup- 
plied with all the modern conveniences which are within the reach of 
families of moderate means. 




TALLULAH FALLS INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL DORMITORY 



46 



RECOMMENDATIONS RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED. 



To THE County School Officials: 

1st. Whole-time supervision by the county superintendent; and as soon 
as practicable provide during the school term a trained lady super- 
visor as his assistant. 

2nd. In so far as possible employ only trained teachers. This will 
require somewhat better pay. It is of even more importance than 
a longer term. 

3rd. Consider the advisability of further consolidation. 

4th. Encourage in every legitimate way school Fairs, Educational ral- 
lies, &c. 

5th. Make teachers contracts binding for not less than a full school 
year. 



To THE Teachers: 

1st. Clean up your school house and grounds, and keep them so every 
day in the year. 

2nd. Teach and demonstrate Hygiene and Sanitation, and look for the 
result of your teaching in the better health habits of your pupils. 

3rd. Free yourselves from the slavery to text-books; teach some lessons 
"not in books''. 

4th. Devote regular and systematic attention to at least one of the home- 
making industries. (See Industrial Bulletin from Department of 
Education.) 

5th. Organize school clubs, and supervise but do not "boss" them. 



To THE Patrons: 

1st. Demand trained teachers for your children; they deserve as much. 

2nd. Organize for the purpose of helping along the work of education 
in your county and at your local school in every proper way. 

3rd. Visit your school occasionally, and always take notice of the man- 
ner in which the house and grounds are kept. (Your children are 
being influenced by these every day.) 

4th. See that suitable closets are built and kept in sanitary condition. 
(The prevalence of hook-worm disease in your county, as shown by 
the survey of the State Board of Health, ought to be sufficient argu- 
ment for this. There are other reasons.) 

5th. Give the teacher freedom in her work, and uphold her in it. See 
that your children attend school regularly. 

47 



The following minimum standard of efficiency for rural schools sent 
to the various counties by the State School Superintendent has been largely 
used as the basis of measurement in the survey. 

Educational results and good teaching generally are not often secured 
in a shiftless-looking building in which neither patrons, pupils, nor teachers 
take any pride. Indefiniteness has been removed at this point through 
the standard school. In the larger towns and cities pressure of public 
sentiment and the comment of visitors will sooner or later force good 
educational conditions — and they are improving constantly. Rural com- 
munities need to be shown and inspired by educational leaders and we have 
sent diplomas to more than one hundred county schools where the super- 
intendents have certified to the fact that they have measured up to the 
standard in every particular. Fulton, Newton and Hancock have received 
half of these, and there are a number of localities in the State where the 
feeling is that no rural community in the county is able to bring its school up 
to these very reasonable requirements. I cannot help but think that this is 
a mistaken view and that some standard schools could be secured in every 
county in Georgia and that these would serve to inspire the others to pro- 
gress. Superintendents have written that the use of this efficiency test has 
developed more progress in the past twelve months than for years previous 
in the way of improvement. The plan is of no value, however, where it 
is not used or applied and I earnestly hope we will have the effort at 
least of every superintendent in the State to have his county represented 
on this roll of honor. The list will be published in the next Annual Report. 
The standard is not unreasonably high and no more than the Georgia parent 
has the right to expect. Copies should be posted in every county school 
room in the State and can be secured for this purpose at any time on appli- 
cation to the State Department of Education. To be entitled to a diploma 
a school should measure up to the standard in the following particulars: 



I. 

The Teacher. 

1. Good Teaching. 

2. Good Order and jNlanagement. 

3. First Grade Certificate. 

4. Full, Neat, and Accurate School 

Register. 

5. Daily Program Posted in Room. 

6. Teacher's Manual on Desk. 

II. 
Grounds. 

1. Good Condition. 

2. Playgrounds. 

3. School Garden. 

4. Two Separate Sanitarv Closets. 

III. 
Building. 

1. Painted Outside. 

2. Plastered, or Ceiled and Painted. 

3. No Leaks. 

4. Windows without Broken Panes. 

5. Cloak Rooms. 

6. Good Doors with Locks and Keys. 

7. Clean and well-kept. 



IV. 

Equipment. 

1. Patent ^Modern Desks. 

2. At least 20 lineal feet of Black- 

board per Room. 

3. Building Comfortably Heated and 

Ventilated. 

4. Framed Pictures on the Wall. 

5. Dictionary, Maps, and Library. 

6. Sanitary Water Supply. 

V. 

Associated Activities. 
1. ^Manual Arts, Corn, Canning, 
Poultry, or Cooking Club. 

VI. 

Salary of Teacher. 
At least $40 per month. 

VII. 

Term. 
At least seven months. 



48 



COMl 
ATLi 



